django如何自定义 `Response` 对象来包裹返回的数据

### 方法一：重写 `list` 和 `retrieve` 方法
在视图类中直接修改返回格式：

```python
from rest_framework.response import Response
class TimeMoudelSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    serializer_class = TimeMoudelSerializer
    def get_queryset(self):
        now_time = datetime.datetime.now().timestamp()
        TimeMoudel.objects.filter(end_time__lt=now_time).update(status=False)
        return TimeMoudel.objects.filter(user_id=self.request.user.id, status=True)
    def list(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        queryset = self.get_queryset()
        serializer = self.get_serializer(queryset, many=True)
        return Response({
            "data": serializer.data,
            "code": 200  # 自定义状态码
        })
    def retrieve(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        instance = self.get_object()
        serializer = self.get_serializer(instance)
        return Response({
            "data": serializer.data,
            "code": 200
        })
```

### 方法二：自定义响应渲染器
通过全局配置统一处理所有 API 响应：

```python
# utils/renderers.py
from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer

class CustomJSONRenderer(JSONRenderer):
    def render(self, data, accepted_media_type=None, renderer_context=None):
        response = renderer_context['response']
        code = response.status_code
        # 错误处理（根据实际需求调整）
        if isinstance(data, dict) and 'detail' in data:
            return super().render({
                "data": None,
                "code": code,
                "message": data['detail']
            }, accepted_media_type, renderer_context)
        # 成功响应
        return super().render({
            "data": data,
            "code": code
        }, accepted_media_type, renderer_context)
```

在 `settings.py` 中配置：

```python
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    'DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES': [
        'utils.renderers.CustomJSONRenderer',
        # 其他渲染器...
    ],
}
```

### 方法三：使用 Mixin 类
创建一个可复用的 Mixin 类，应用于需要此格式的视图：

```python
from rest_framework.response import Response

class CustomResponseMixin:
    def finalize_response(self, request, response, *args, **kwargs):
        if isinstance(response.data, list) or isinstance(response.data, dict):
            response.data = {
                "data": response.data,
                "code": response.status_code
            }
        return super().finalize_response(request, response, *args, **kwargs)
```

在视图中使用：

```python
class TimeMoudelSet(CustomResponseMixin, viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    serializer_class = TimeMoudelSerializer
    # 其他代码保持不变...
```

### 推荐方案（方法一）
针对你的视图，推荐直接重写 `list` 和 `retrieve` 方法，因为你可能只需要特定视图返回此格式：

```python
class TimeMoudelSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    serializer_class = TimeMoudelSerializer
    def get_queryset(self):
        now_time = datetime.datetime.now().timestamp()
        TimeMoudel.objects.filter(end_time__lt=now_time).update(status=False)
        return TimeMoudel.objects.filter(user_id=self.request.user.id, status=True)
    def list(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        queryset = self.get_queryset()
        serializer = self.get_serializer(queryset, many=True)
        return Response({
            "data": serializer.data,
            "code": 200,
            "message": "获取成功"  # 可选消息
        })
    def retrieve(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        instance = self.get_object()
        serializer = self.get_serializer(instance)
        return Response({
            "data": serializer.data,
            "code": 200,
            "message": "获取成功"
        })
```

### 注意事项
1. **错误处理**：确保在错误情况下（如 404、400 等）也返回统一格式。
2. **状态码**：`code` 字段与 HTTP 状态码不同，可根据业务需求自定义（如 `code=1000` 表示业务成功）。
3. **兼容性**：如果前端已依赖原始格式，需谨慎修改。